ABSTRACT
In the present study, rodenticide bromadiolone was evaluated for in vitro immunotoxicity in poultry. The lymphocytes were separated from spleen and treated with NOEL/102, NOEL/103, NOEL/104, NOEL/105, NOEL/106 and NOEL/107 (No observable effect level) dose of rodenticide for 30, 60 and 90 min and a group of cells were kept untreated (control). The cells were collected for detection of T and B- lymphocyte proliferation. Concanvalin-A (Con-A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated blastogenesis of T and B-lymphocytes was assessed by MTT dye method. The proliferation of both lymphocytes was markedly reduced in treated group in comparison to control indicating the down-regulation of not only the number of the variable lymphocytes but also their blastogenic activity required to mount an immune response in birds. It can be concluded from the present study that the bromadiolone rodenticide, even in very low doses can reduce proliferation of poultry lymphocytes leading to a state of immunosuppression.
ABSTRACT
The enhancement of immunity of fish through application of natural immunostimulants would help in minimizing the risk of occurrence of diseases in aquaculture. The present study was designed to evaluate the growth promoting and immunostimulatory effect of Guduchi, Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers ex Hook F. leaf powder in fingerlings of Amur carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus Martens). The fingerlings were divided into four treatment groups, T1, T2, T3 and T4. Experimental diets were prepared by mixing rice bran, deoiled mustard cake, soybean meal and vitamin mineral mixture. The leaf powder of T. cordifolia was incorporated into diets D2, D3 and D4 @ 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75%, respectively. In control diet D1, leaf powder of T. cordifolia was not incorporated. T1 group fishes were fed with D1 diet, T2 with D2, T3 with D3 and T4 with D4 @ 5% body weight per day for 90 days. Fingerlings fed with diet D4 achieved significantly improved Specific Growth Rate (1), Feed Conversion Ratio (2.76), and Gross Conversion Efficiency (0.361) as compared to the control and all other treatments (P <0.05). Hematological and biochemical parameters, total leuckocyte count (53.849×103/µL), total erythrocyte count (3.50×106/µL), hemoglobin concentration (17.17%), total serum protein, albumin and globulin (12.35, 1.56 and 10.78 g/dL) in D4 diet fed fishes showed increase as compared to the control and all other treatments (P <0.05). The above research revealed that Tinospora cordifolia leaf powder has significant growth promoting and immunostimulatory potential in Amur carp raising.